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Bryophytes in BC
| Ecology & Evolution
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Key Terms
Anatomy |
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| Axis | median region of thallus |
| Bract | modified leaf protecting one or more antheridia or archegonia |
| Complex | differentiate into cell layers (thalloid) |
| Gemmae cups | on surface of thallus, splash cup |
| Lamella | narrow ridge or thin plate of tissue, perpendicular to the surface |
| Lamina | region of a leaf below the lobes or the whole of an unlobed leaf |
| Lamina | the thin or thinner regions on each side of a costa or median region (thalloid) |
| Lobes | leaves appear to have an extra flap of tissue at the base, like the thumb of a mittin |
| Oil bodies | single membrane bound organelles in cells, normally colourless and glistening |
| Papilla | mucilage-secreting cell, think walled and often colourless |
| Papillae | minute, soild, rounded projections on a surface |
| Rhizoids | attach to substrate, single celled (unlike mosses) |
| Trigone | thickenings at the corners of cells where thin or slightly thickened walls meet |
| Tuber | globose or elliptical body produced on the ventral side of thallus |
| Underleaves | third row of leaves along the postical surface of stem or branch, often smaller and differing from two rows of lateral leaves |
| Ventral scales | thin or small
appendages along the ventral surface of a thallus |
Reproductive Structures |
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| Antheridia | male organ, enclosed by the perigonium |
| Archegonia | female organ, and are protected by the perichaetum |
| Basipetal | youngest spores at base of sporophyte |
| Calyptra | protective covering over sphorophyte, shed when the seta elongates, and is left at the base of the sporophyte |
| Capsule | terminal part of sporphyte containing spores, elaters |
| Coelocaule | shoot/calyptra structure at the base of the sporophyte food, elevating everything else inserted on the shoot apex,covers sporophyte |
| Columella | central string of cells in sporophyte |
| Elaters | elongate, unicellular, intermingled with spores in capsule, most with spirally coiled thickened bands |
| Foot | the base of sporophyte, embedded in the gametophyte |
| Involucre | short tube protecting one or more antheridia or archegonia or developing sporophyte, replaccing the perianth |
| Perianth | tube surrounding a developing sporophyte, or a low ring around the archegonia |
| Spiciform | of a male inflorescence gradually tapering distally like a spike |
| Sporophyte | looks similar to
mosses, splits open by four longitudinal lines of dehiscence, matures
before seta elongates, and spore dispersal is all at once, quickly
wither after dispersal, unlike mosses |
Descriptive words |
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| Abaxial | leaf surface facing away from stem |
| Accrescent | gradually increasing in size towards the apex |
| Acroscopic | shape of leaf curve directed towards the apex of stem |
| Anisophyllous | plant with underleaves much small than or different in form from the lateral leaves |
| Antical | the upper or dorsal surface of leafy plant, stem or appendage or the part of the margin of a leaf or bract that extends to the upper surface of stem |
| Apressed | structures lying closely or flatly pressed together or against the substrate |
| Arcuate | curved like an arch |
| Areola | an angular shape visible on a smooth surface, like an outline |
| Attenuate | gradually decreasing in width towards apex |
| Axis | the stem of a leafy liverwort |
| Band | zone of thickening on a cell wall, straight, annular, or coiled like a spring |
| Biseriate | cells in two rows |
| Bistratose | two layers of cells |
| Bordered | marginal cells distinct from inner cells, size, structure or colour |
| Compound pore | opening surrounded by circles of modified cells, 5-6 superimposed circles |
| Convolute | rolled up longitudinally, one rolled up in the other |
| Corticolous | growing on bark |
| Decurved | broadly curved downwards or backwards towards the ventral surface of substrate |
| Denuded | strem stripped bare by the loss of leaves |
| Distal | furthest from the base or attachment |
| Evolute | leaf lobule unrolled or plane, not inflated |
| Explanate | flattened or spread out male bract which is normally concave |
| Exserted | perianth which extends beyond the bracts |
| Filiform | slender structure |
| Flagelliform | leafy stem or branch gradually attenuated or flagella-like |
| Flexuose | slightly bent alternately in opposite direction |
| Foliose | leafy |
| Gemmiferous | bearing a gemmae |
| Hyaline | colourless, clear and translucent |
| Incised | deeply and narrowly divited into lobes |
| Incurved | curved upwards or inwards over the stem |
| Isodiametric | equal in length and diameter |
| Nodular thickenings | radial thinkenings on a cell wall sen in surface view as knob like protuberances |
| Nodular trigones | large, irregularly rounded thickenings at the corners of cells |
| Ocellus | cell lacking chloroplasts and containing at least 1 large oil-body |
| Postical | lower or ventral surface |
| Procumbent | plant lying flat and loosely attached to substate |
| Prostrate | plant lying flat and closely attached to the substrate |
| Proximal | nearest to the base or point of attachment |
| Recurved | curved backwards or downwards, away from the axis |
| Reticulate | surface with lines arranged in a network |
| Revolute | margin strongly rolled backwards towards ventral surface |
| Sessile | without a stalk |
| Sinus | an indentation between two lobes |
| Spiniform | a tooth that resembles a spine |
| Ventral | lower surface |