Leander, B.S. 2023. Eukaryotic evolution: Deep phylogeny does not imply morphological novelty. Current Biology. 33:R112-R114. (PDF)

Van Steenkiste, N., Wakeman, K.C., Söderström, B. and Leander, B.S. 2023. Patterns of host-parasite associations between marine meiofaunal flatworms (Platyhelminthes) and rhytidocystids (Apicomplexa). Scientific Reports. 13:21050 (11 pages). (PDF)

Karnkowska, A.*, Yubuki, N.*, Maruyama, M.*, Yamaguchi, A., Kashiyama, Y., Toshinobu, S., Keeling, P.J., Hampl, V. and Leander, B.S. 2023. Euglenozoan kleptoplasty illuminates the early evolution of photoendosymbiosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. (*contributed equally). 120:e2220100120 (12 pages). (PDF)

Van Steenkiste, N. and Leander, B.S. 2023. Molecular phylogenetic position of a rare and enigmatic meiofunal flatworm from the Pacific Ocean: Retronectes hyacinthe sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes, Catenulida). Systematics and Biodiversity. 21:1, DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2023.2221236 (10 pages). (PDF)

Cooney, E.C., Holt, C., Jacko-Reynolds, V.K.L., Leander, B.S. and Keeling, P.J. 2023. Photosystems in the eye-like organelles of heterotrophic warnowiid dinoflagellates. Current Biology. 33:4252–4260.e1–e3 (13 pages). (PDF)

Park, E., Cooney, E.C., Phua, Y.H., Horiguchi, T., Husnik, F., Keeling, P.J., Wakeman, K. and Leander, B.S.. 2023. Phylogenomics shows that novel tapeworm-like traits in haplozoan parasites evolved from within the Peridiniales (Dinoflagellata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 186:107859 (7 pages). (PDF)

Boscaro, V., Holt, C.C., Van Steenkiste, N., Herranz, M., Irwin, N.A.T., Àlvarez-Campos, P., Grzelak, K., Holovachov, O., Kerbl, A., Mathur, V., Okamoto, N., Piercey, R.S., Worsaae, K., Leander, B.S., and Keeling, P.J. 2022. Microbiomes of microscopic marine invertebrates do not reveal signatures of phylosymbiosis. Nature Microbiology. 7:810–819. (PDF)

Van Steenkiste, N. and Leander, B.S. 2022. The molecular phylogenetic position of Mariplanella piscadera sp. nov. reveals a new major group of rhabdocoel flatworms: Mariplanellida status novus (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela). Organisms, Diversity & Evolution. 22:577–584. (PDF)

Cooney, E.C., Leander, B.S. and Keeling, P.J. 2022. Phylogenomics shows unique traits in Noctilucales are derived rather than ancestral. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA Nexus. 1:pgac202 (11 pages). (PDF)

Holt, C.C., Boscaro, V., Van Steenkiste, N., Herranz, M., Mathur, V., Irwin, N.A.T., Buckholtz, G., Leander, B.S., and Keeling, P.J. 2022. Microscopic marine invertebrates are reservoirs for cryptic and diverse protists and fungi. Microbiome. 10:161 (13 pages). (PDF)

Okamoto, N., Keeling, P.J., Leander, B.S. and Tai, V. 2022. Microbial communities in sandy beaches from the three domains of life differ by microhabitat and intertidal location. Molecular Ecology. 31:3210– 3227. (PDF)

Gavelis, G.S., Gile, G.H. and Leander, B.S. 2021. Convergent evolution of animal-like organelles across the tree of eukaryotes. In: Origin and Evolution of Metazoan Cell Types. Hall, B. and Moody, S. (eds.). CRC Press. Chapter 3, pp. 27-46. (PDF)

Herranz, M., Park, T., Di Domenico, M., Leander, B.S., Sørensen, M.V. and Worsaae, K. 2021. Revisiting kinorhynch segmentation: variation of segmental patterns in the nervous system of three aberrant species. Frontiers in Zoology. 18:54 (23 pages). (PDF)

Van Steenkiste, N.W.L., Rivlin, N., Kahn, P., Wakeman K. and Leander, B.S. 2021. Grappleria corona gen. et sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Jenseniidae fam. nov.) and an updated molecular phylogeny of ‘dalyelliid’ and temnocephalid microturbellarians. Systematics and Biodiversity. 19:261-272. (PDF)

Angel, P., Herranz, M. and Leander, B.S.. 2021. Insights into the morphology of haplozoan parasites (Dinoflagellata) using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 68:e12855 (11 pages) (PDF)

Herranz, M., Worsaae, K., Park, Di Domenico, M., T., Leander, B.S. and Sørensen, M.V. 2021. Myoanatomy of three aberrant, worm-like, kinorhynch genera – similar but different. Zoomorphology. 140:193–215. (PDF)

Diez, Y., Monnens, M., Aguirre, R.I., Yurduseven, R., Jouk, P., Van Steenkiste, N., Leander, B.S., Shockaert, E., Reygel, P., Smeets, K. and Artois, T.2021. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Koinocystididae (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia), with the description of three new genera and twelve new species.. Zootaxa. 4948:451–500. (PDF)

Lax, G., Kolisko, M., Eglit, Y., Lee, W.J., Yubuki, N., Karnkowska, A., Leander, B.S., Burger, G., Keeling, P.J. and Simpson A.G.B. 2021. Multigene phylogenetics of euglenids based on single-cell transcriptomics of diverse phagotrophs. Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution. 159:107088 (10 pages). (PDF)

Van Steenkiste, N., Wakeman, K. and Leander, B.S. 2021. A new record of the marine chaetonotid gastrotrich genus Diuronotus (Paucitubulatina: Muselliferidae) from the Sea of Japan. Zool. Anz. - A Journal of Comparative Zoology. 290:113-116. (PDF)

Gobert, S., Diez, Y.L., Reygel, P., Van Steenkiste, N., Leander, B.S. and Artois, T. 2021. A revision of the genus Cheliplana De Beauchamp, 1927 (Rhabdocoela: Schizorhynchia), with the description of six new species. Zootaxa. 4970:453–494.

Leander, B.S. 2020. Predatory protists. Current Biology. 30:R510-R516. (PDF)

Herranz, M., Sørensen, M.V., Park, T., Leander, B.S. and Worsaae, K. 2020. Insights into mud dragon morphology (Kinorhyncha, Allomalorhagida): Myoanatomy and neuroanatomy of Dracoderes abei and Pycnophyes ilyocryptus. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution. 20:467–493. (PDF)

Cooney, E.C., Okamoto, N., Cho, A., Gavelis, G.S., Hehenberger, E., Richards, T.E., Worden, A.Z., Santoro, A.E., Leander, B.S. and Keeling, P.J.. 2020. Single cell transcriptomics of Abedinium reveals a new early-branching dinoflagellate lineage. Genome Biology and Evolution. 12:2417–2428. (PDF)

Strother, P.K., Taylor, W.A., van de Schootbrugge, B., Leander, B.S. and Wellman, C.H. 2020. Pellicle ultrastructure demonstrates that Moyeria is a fossil euglenid. Palynology. 44:461–471 (PDF)

Balsamo, M., Artois, T., Smith III, J.P.S., Todaro, M.A., Guidi, L., Leander, B.S. and Van Steenkiste, N.W.L. 2020. The curious and neglected soft–bodied meiofauna: Rouphozoa (Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes). Hydrobiologia. 847:2613–2644. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M., Reñé, A., Satta, C.T., Yamaguchi, A. and Leander, B.S. 2020. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new marine, sand-dwelling dinoflagellate genus, Pachena (Dinophyceae), with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Phycology. 56:798–817. (PDF)

Kim, K., Van Steenkiste, N.W.L., Leander, B.S. and Jung, J. 2020. The first record of Rhabdocoela, Alcha sinensis, Wang & Hu, 2019 (Platyhelminthes: Polycystididae) from Korea. Journal of Species Research. 9:269-272. (PDF)

Van Steenkiste, N., Stephenson, I., Herranz, M. and Leander, B.S. 2019. A new case of kleptoplasty in animals: Marine flatworms steal functional plastids from diatoms. Science Advances. 5:eaaw4337 (27 pages). (PDF)

Gavelis, G.S., Herranz, M., Wakeman, K., Ripken, C., Satoshi Mitarai, S., Gile, G.H., Keeling P. and Leander, B.S. 2019. Dinofagellate nuclei contain an extensive endomembrane network, the nuclear net. Scientific Reports. 9:839 (9 pages). (PDF)

Mathur, V., Kolisko, M., Henhenberger, E., Irwin, N.A.T., Kristmundsson, A., Leander, B.S., Freeman, M.A. and Keeling, P.J. 2019. Multiple independent origins of apicomplexan-like parasites. Current Biology. 29: (16 pages) (PDF)

Herranz, M., Leander, B.S., Pardos, F. and Boyle, M.J. 2019. The neuroanatomy of mud dragons: A comprehensive view of the nervous system in Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha) revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3D reconstruction. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19:86 (20 pages). (PDF)

Stephenson, I., Van Steenkiste, N. and Leander, B.S. 2019. Molecular phylogeny of neodalyellid flatworms (Rhabdocoela), including three new species from British Columbia. J. Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 57:41-56. (PDF)

del Campo, J., Pons, M.J., Herranz, M., Wakeman, K.C., del Valle, J., Vermeij, M.J.A., Leander, B.S., Keeling, P.J. 2019. Validation of a universal set of primers to study animal-associated microeukaryotic communities. Environmental Microbiology. 21:3855-3861. (PDF)

Herranz, M., Di Domenico, M., Sørensen, M.V. and Leander, B.S. 2019. Ultrastructure of the engimatic kinorhynch Cateria styx Gerlach, 1956 – a sticky son of a beach with a novel dorsal organ. Zool. Anz. - A Journal of Comparative Zoology. 283:10-30. (PDF)

White III, R.A, Gavelis, G., Soles, S.A., Gosselin, E., Slater, G.F., Lim, D.S.S., Leander, B.S. and Suttle, C.A. 2019. The genome of the eurythermal firmicute Exiguobacterium pavilionensis sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater microbialite, encodes putative pathways for carbonate precipitation and carotenoid biosynthesis. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9:3189 (21 pages). (PDF)

Van Steenkiste, N., Herbert, E.R. and Leander, B.S. 2018. Species diversity in the marine microturbellarian Astrotorhynchus bifidus sensu lato (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 120:259-273. (PDF)

Micro-flatworm surprise. (Link to info-graphic)

Yubuki, N. and Leander, B.S. 2018. Diversity and evolutionary history of the Symbiontida (Euglenozoa). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 6:100 (8 pages). (PDF)

Iritani, D., Wakeman, K. and Leander, B.S. 2018. Molecular phylogenetic positions of two new marine gregarines (Apicomplexa) from the intestines of Lumbrineris inflata (Polychaeta) show patterns of co-evolution: Paralecudina anankea nov. sp. and Lecudina caspera nov. sp. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 65:211-219. (PDF)

Van Steenkiste, N. and Leander, B.S. 2018. Molecular phylogeny of trigonostomine turbellarians (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Trigonostomidae), including four new species from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 182:237-257. (PDF)

Wakeman, K., Hoppenrath, M., Yamaguchi, A., Gavelis, G., Leander, B.S. and Hisayoshi, N. 2018. Ultrastructure of the marine benthic dinoflagellate Plagiodinium belizeanum from the southeast Pacific island of Okinawa, Japan. Phycologia. 57:209-222. (PDF)

Van Steenkiste, N. and Leander, B.S. 2018. Species diversity of eukalyptorhynch flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from the coastal margin of British Columbia: Polycystididae, Koinocystididae and Gnathorhynchidae. Marine Biology Research. 14(9-10):899-923. (PDF)

White III, R.A, Gavelis, G., Soles, S.A., Gosselin, E., Slater, G.F., Lim, D.S.S., Leander, B.S. and Suttle, C.A. 2018. The complete genome and physiological analysis of microbialite-dwelling Agrococcus pavilionensis sp. nov.; genetic promiscuity and adaptations to environmental stress. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9:2180 (17 pages). (PDF)

Gavelis, G., Wakeman, K., Tillman, U., Ripken, C., Mitarai, S., Herranz, M., Ozebek, S., Holstein, T., Keeling P. and Leander, B.S. 2017. Microbial arms race: Ballistic “nematocysts” in dinoflagellates represent a new extreme in organelle complexity. Science Advances. 3:e1602552 (18 pages). (PDF)

Published Videos & Commentaries:

• Hunting microbe wields ‘gatling gun’ harpoon. Science. (LINK)
• ‘Gatling gun’ plankton reveals violent microbial world. National Geographic. (LINK)
• Moby microbe: First clear view of a one-celled harpooner in action. The New York Times. (LINK)
• Marine microbes exchange fire with elaborate subcellular weapons. Scientific American. (LINK)
• First high-res look at microbial ballistics: Harpoons, spears, Gatling guns. Ars Technica. (LINK)
• Tiny plankton wields biological ‘gatling gun’ in microbial wild west. UBC Science. (LINK)
• Researchers capture dinoflagellate on video shooting harpoons at prey. Phys.org. (LINK)

Janouskovec, J., Gavelis, G., Burki, F., Dinh, D., Bachvaroff, T., Gornik, S., Bright, K., Imanian, B., Strom, S., Delwiche, C., Waller, R., Fensome, R., Leander, B.S., Rohwer, F. and Saldarriaga, J. 2017. Major transitions in dinoflagellate evolution unveiled by phylotranscriptomics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 114:E171-E180. (PDF)

Gavelis, G., Keeling P. and Leander, B.S. 2017. How exaptations facilitated photosensory evolution: Seeing the light by accident. BioEssays. 39(7):1600266 (8 pages). (PDF)

Herranz, M., Yangel, E. and Leander, B.S. 2017. Descriptions of two mud dragon species (Kinorhyncha, Echinoderidae) from the northeastern Pacific Ocean: Echinoderes hakaiensis sp. nov. and E. pennaki, Higgins 1960. Marine Biodiversity. 48:303-325. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M., Yubuki, N., Stern, R. and Leander, B.S. 2017. Ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of a new marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate from British Columbia, Canada: Pseudadenoides pluripyrenoides sp. nov. Europ. J. Phycol. 52:208-224. (PDF)

Leander, B.S., Lax, G., Karnkowska, A. and Simpson, A.G.B. 2017. Euglenida. In: Handbook of the Protists (2nd edition of the Handbook of Protoctista by Margulis et al.). Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B. & Slamovits, C. (eds.). Springer-Verlag. (39 pages) (PDF)

Yubuki, N., Cepicka, I. and Leander, B.S. 2016. Evolution of the microtubular cytoskeleton (flagellar apparatus) in parasitic protists. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 209:26-34. (PDF)

FioRito, R., Leander, C.A. and Leander, B.S. 2016. Characterization of three novel isolates of Labyrinthulomycota associated with sea star wasting syndrome. Marine Biology. 163:170-180. (PDF)

Herranz, M. and Leander, B.S. 2016. Redescription of Echinoderes ohtsukai (Yamasaki and Kajihara, 2012) and E. kozloffi (Higgins, 1977) from the northeastern Pacific coast, including the first report of a potential invasive species of kinorhynch. Zool. Anz. - A Journal of Comparative Zoology. 265:108-126. (PDF)

Yubuki, N., Huang, S.Z.S. and Leander, B.S. 2016. Comparative ultrastructure of fornicate excavates, including a novel free-living relative of diplomonads: Aduncisulcus palustris gen. et sp. nov. Protist. 167:584-596. (PDF)

White III, R.A., Chan, A.N., Gavelis, G.S., Leander, B.S., Brady, A., Slater, G.F., Lim, D.S. and Suttle, C.A. 2016. Metagenomic analysis suggests modern freshwater microbialites harbor a distinct core microbial community. Frontiers in Microbiology. 6:1531 (14 pages). (PDF)

Gavelis, G.S., Hayakawa, S., White III, R.A., Gojobori, T., Suttle, C.A., Keeling, P.J. and Leander, B.S. 2015. Eye-like ocelloids are built from different endosymbiotically acquired components. Nature. 523:204-207. (Web, PDF)

    Published Commentaries:

• Richards, T.A. and Gomes, S.L. 2015. How to build a microbial eye. Nature. 523:166-167. (PDF)
• Kvajo, M. 2015. Seeing the light through borrowed lenses. Cell. 163:1295. (PDF)
• Adler, E.M. 2015. Of ghrelin, cone cultivation, dinoflagellate eyes and the cyanobacterial circadian clock. Journal of General Physiology. 146:193-194. (PDF)
• Semeniuk, I. 2015. UBC study sheds light on bizarre plankton with ‘eyes’. The Globe and Mail. (LINK)
• Yong, E. 2015. Single-celled creature has eye made of domesticated microbes. National Geographic. (LINK)

Rueckert, S., Wakeman, K., Jenke-Kodama, H. and Leander, B.S. 2015. Molecular systematics of marine gregarine apicomplexans from Pacific tunicates, with descriptions of five new species of Lankesteria. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Biol. 65:2598–2614. (PDF)

Gavelis, G.S., White III, R.A., Suttle, C.A., Keeling, P.J. and Leander, B.S. 2015. Single-cell transcriptomics using spliced leader PCR: Evidence for multiple losses of photosynthesis in polykrikoid dinoflagellates. BMC Genomics 16:528 (9 pages). (PDF)

Eshragh, R. and Leander, B.S. 2015. Molecular contributions to species boundaries in dicyemid parasites from eastern Pacific cephalopods. Marine Biology Research. 11:414-422. (PDF)

Yubuki, N., Pánek, T., Yabuki, A., Cepicka, I., Takishitac, K., Inagakid, Y. and Leander, B.S. 2015. Morphological identities of two different marine stramenopile environmental sequence clades: Bicosoeca kenaiensis (Hilliard 1971) and Cantina marsupialis (Larsen and Patterson, 1990) gen. nov., comb. nov. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 62:532-542. (PDF)

Kamikawa, R., Yubuki, N., Yoshida, M., Taira, M., Ishida, K., Leander, B.S., Miyashita, H., Hashimoto, T., Mayama, S. and Inagaki, Y. 2015. Multiple losses of photosynthesis in Nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae). Phycol. Research. 63:19-28. (PDF)

Szabová, J., Yubuki, N., Leander, B.S., Triemer, R.E. and Hampl, V. 2014. The evolution of paralogous enzymes MAT and MATX within the Euglenida and beyond. BMC Evol. Biol. 14:25 (12 pages). (PDF)

Wakeman, K., Heintzelman, M.B. and Leander, B.S. 2014. Comparative ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of Selenidium melongena n. sp. and S. terebellae Ray 1930 demonstrate niche partitioning in marine gregarine parasites (Apicomplexa). Protist. 165:493-511. (PDF)

Fiz-Palacios, O., Leander, B.S. Heger, T.J. 2014. Old lineages in a new ecosystem: Diversification of arcellinid amoebae (Amoebozoa) and peatland mosses. PLoS One. 9:e95238 (10 pages). (PDF)

Keeling, P.J., (75 other authors, including Leander, B.S.), and Worden, A.Z. 2014. The Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP): Illuminating the functional diversity of eukaryotic life in the oceans through transcriptome sequencing. PLoS Biology. 12:e1001889 (6 pages). (PDF)

Wakeman, K., Reimer, J.D., Jenke-Kodama, H. and Leander, B.S. 2014. Molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of Caliculium glossobalani n. gen. et sp. (Apicomplexa) from a Pacific Glossobalanus minutus (Hemichordata) confounds the relationships between marine and terrestrial gregarines. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 61:343-353 (PDF)

Heger, T.J., Edgcomb, V.P., Kim, E., Lukes, J., Leander, B.S. and Yubuki, N. 2014. A resurgence in field research is essential to better understand the diversity, ecology and evolution of microbial eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 61:214-223. (PDF)

Rundell, R.J. and Leander, B.S. 2014. Molecular examination of kalyptorhynch diversity (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela), including descriptions of five meiofaunal species from the north-eastern Pacific Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association (UK). 94:499–514. (PDF)

Yubuki, N. and Leander, B.S. 2013. Evolution of microtubule organizing centers across the tree of eukaryotes. The Plant Journal. 75:230-244. (PDF)

Heger, T.J., Mitchell, E.A.D. and Leander, B.S. 2013. Holarctic phylogeography of the testate amoeba Hyalosphenia papilio (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida) reveals extensive genetic diversity explained more by environment than dispersal limitation. Molecular Ecology. 22:5172-5184. (PDF; News & Views)

Wakeman, K. and Leander, B.S. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of marine gregarine parasites (Apicomplexa) from tube-forming polychaetes (Sabellariidae, Cirratulidae and Serpulidae), including descriptions of two new species of Selenidium. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 60:514-525. (PDF)

Yubuki, N., Simpson, A.G.B. and Leander, B.S. 2013. Reconstruction of the feeding apparatus in Postgaardi mariagerensis provides evidence for character evolution in the Symbiontida (Euglenozoa). Europ. J. Protistol. 49:32-39. (PDF)

Chantangsi, C., Lynn, D.H., Rueckert, S., Prokopowicz, A.J., Panha, S. and Leander, B.S. 2013. Fusiforma themisticola n. gen., n. sp., a new species of apostome ciliate infecting the hyperiid amphipod Themisto libellula in the Canadian Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean), and establishment of the Pseudocolliniidae (Ciliophora, Apostomatia). Protist. 164:793-810. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M., Chomérat, N., and Leander, B.S. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Sinophysis: Evaluating the early evolutionary history of dinophysoid dinoflagellates. In: Biological and Geological Perspectives of Dinoflagellates. Lewis, J.M, Marret F. & Bradley, L., (eds). The Micropalaeontological Society, Special Publications. Geological Society, London, pp. 199-206. (PDF)

Yubuki, N., Simpson, A.G.B. and Leander, B.S. 2013. Comprehensive ultrastructure of Kipferlia bialata provides evidence for character evolution within the Fornicata (Excavata). Protist. 164:423-439. (PDF)

Rueckert, S., Wakeman, K. and Leander, B.S. 2013. Discovery of a diverse clade of gregarine apicomplexans from Pacific eunicid polychaetes, including descriptions of Paralecudina gen. n., Trichotokara japonica sp. n., and T. eunicae sp. n. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 60:121-136. (PDF)

Breglia, S.A., Yubuki, N. and Leander, B.S. 2013. Ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of Heteronema scaphurum: A eukaryovorous euglenid with a cytoproct. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 60:107-120. (PDF)

Wakeman, K. and Leander, B.S. 2013. Identity of environmental DNA sequences using descriptions of four novel gregarine parasites, Polyplicarium n. gen. (Apicomplexa), from capitellid polychaetes. Marine Biodiversity. 43:133-147. (PDF)

Yamaguchi, A., Yubuki, N. and Leander, B.S. 2012. Morphostasis in a novel eukaryote illuminates the evolutionary transition from phagotrophy to phototrophy: Description of Rapaza viridis n. gen. et sp. (Euglenozoa, Euglenida). BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12:29 (16 pages). (PDF - 13.4 MB)

Wakeman, K. and Leander, B.S. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of Pacific archigregarines (Apicomplexa), including descriptions of Veloxidium leptosynaptae n. gen. et sp. from the sea cucumber Leptosynapta clarki (Echinodermata) and two new species of Selenidium. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.59:232-245. (PDF)

Yubuki, N. and Leander, B.S. 2012. Reconciling the bizarre inheritance of microtubules in complex (euglenid) microeukaryotes. Protoplasma. 249:859-869. (PDF)

Mertens, K., Yamaguchi, A., Kawami, H., Ribeiro, S., Leander, B.S., Price, A., Pospelova, V., Ellegaard, M. and Matsuoka, K. 2012. Archaeperidinium saanichi sp. nov.: a new species based on morphological variation of cyst and theca within the Archaeperidinium minutum (Jörgensen 1912) species complex. Marine Micropaleontology. 96/97:48-62. (PDF)

Kosakyan, A., Heger, T.J., Leander, B.S., Todorov, M., Mitchell, E.A.D. and Lara, E. 2012. COI barcoding of nebelid testate amoebae (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida): Extensive cryptic diversity and redefinition of the Hyalospheniidae Schultze. Protist. 163:415-434. (PDF)

Rundell, R.J. and Leander, B.S. 2012. Description and phylogenetic position of the first sand-dwelling entoproct species from the western coast of North America: Loxosomella vancouverensis sp. nov. Marine Biology Research. 8:294-291. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M., Murray, S., Sparmann, S.F. and Leander, B.S. 2012. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Ankistrodinium gen. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new genus of marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellates formerly classified within Amphidinium. Journal of Phycology. 48:1143-1152. (PDF)

Pánek, T., Silberman, J.D., Yubuki, N., Leander, B.S. and Cepicka, I. 2012. Diversity, evolution and molecular systematics of the Psalteriomonadidae, the main lineage of anaerobic/microaerophilic heteroloboseans (Excavata: Discoba). Protist. 163:807-831. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M., Selina, M.,Yamaguchi, A. and Leander, B.S. 2012. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Amphidiniopsis rotundata sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae), a new benthic marine dinoflagellate. Phycologia. 51:157-167. (PDF)

Rueckert, S., Simdyanov, T.G., Aleshin, V.V. and Leander, B.S. 2011. Identity of a divergent environmental DNA sequence clade using the phylogeny of gregarine parasites (Apicomplexa) from crustacean hosts. PLoS ONE. 6:e18163 (17 pages). (PDF)

Edgcomb, V.P., Yubuki, N., Breglia, S., Leander, B.S., and Bernhard, J. 2011. Identity of epibiotic bacteria on symbiontid euglenozoans in O2-depleted marine environments: evidence for symbiont and host co-evolution. The ISME Journal. 5:231-243. (PDF)

Heger, T.J., Pawlowski, J., Lara, E., Todorov, M., Golemansky, V., Leander, B.S. and Mitchell, E.A.D.2011. Comparing potential COI and SSU rDNA barcodes for assessing the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of cyphoderiid testate amoebae (Rhizaria: Euglyphida). Protist. 162:131-141. (PDF)

Rueckert, S., Villette, P. and Leander, B.S. 2011. Species boundaries in gregarine apicomplexans:A case study comparison of morphometric and molecular variability in Lecudina cf. tuzetae (Eugregarina, Lecudinidae). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 58:275-283. (PDF)

Yamaguchi, A., Hoppenrath, M., Pospelova, V., Horiguchi, T. and Leander, B.S. 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate Herdmania litoralis and an emended description of the closely related planktonic genus Archaeperidinium Jörgensen. Europ. J. Phycol. 46:98-112. (PDF)

Rundell, R.J. and Leander, B.S. 2010. Masters of miniaturization: convergent evolution among interstitial eukaryotes. BioEssays. 32:430-437. (PDF)

Breglia, S.A., Yubuki, N., Hoppenrath, M. and Leander, B.S. 2010. Ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of a novel euglenozoan with extrusive episymbiotic bacteria: Bihospites bacati n. gen. et sp. (Symbiontida). BMC Microbiology. 10:145 (21 pages). (PDF - 31.5 MB)

Chantangsi, C., Hoppenrath, M. and Leander, B.S. 2010. Evolutionary relationships among marine cercozoans as inferred from combined SSU and LSU rDNA sequences and polyubiquitin insertions. Mol. Phylo. Evol. 57:518-527. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M. and Leander, B.S. 2010. Dinoflagellate phylogeny as inferred from heat shock protein 90 and ribosomal gene sequences. PLoS ONE. 5:e13220 (12 pages). (PDF)

Yubuki, N., Céza, V., Cepicka, I., Yabuki, A., Inagaki, Y, Nakayama, T. Inouye, I. and Leander, B.S. 2010. Cryptic diversity of free-living parabasalids, Pseudotrichomonas keilini and Lacusteria cypriaca n. gen. et sp., as inferred from small subunit rDNA Sequences. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 57:554-561. (PDF)

Esson, H.J. and Leander, B.S. 2010. Evolution of distorted pellicle patterns in rigid photosynthetic euglenids (Phacus Dujardin). J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 57:19-32. (PDF)

Chantangsi, C. and Leander, B.S. 2010. An SSU rDNA barcoding approach to the diversity of marine interstitial cercozoans, including descriptions of four new genera and nine new species. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:1962-1977. (PDF) (Cover)

Heger, T.J., Mitchell, E.A.D., Todorov, M., Golemansky, V., Lara, E., Leander, B.S. and Pawlowski, J. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of euglyphid testate amoebae (Cercozoa: Euglyphida) suggests transitions between marine supralittoral and freshwater/terrestrial environments are infrequent. Mol. Phylo. Evol. 55:113-122. (PDF)

Rueckert, S. and Leander, B.S. 2010. Description of Trichotokara nothriae n. gen. et sp. (Apicomplexa, Lecudinidae) - an intestinal gregarine of Nothria conchylega (Polychaeta, Onuphidae). J. Invert. Path. 104:172-179. (PDF) (Cover)

Yubuki, N., Leander, B.S. and Silberman, J.D. 2010. Ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of a novel phagotrophic stramenopile from low oxygen environments: Rictus lutensis gen. et sp. nov. (Bicosoecida, incertae sedis). Protist. 161:264-278. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M., Yubuki, N., Bachvaroff, S. and Leander, B.S. 2010. Re-classification of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii as Polykrikos (Dinophyceae) based partly on the ultrastructure of complex extrusomes. Europ. J. Protistol. 46:29-37. (PDF)

Keeling, P.J., Leander, B.S. and Lukes, J. 2010. Does complexity necessarily arise from selective advantage? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 107:E26. (PDF)

Rueckert, S., Chantangsi, C. and Leander, B.S. 2010. Molecular systematics of marine gregarines (Apicomplexa) from North-eastern Pacific polychaetes and nemerteans, with descriptions of three new species: Lecudina phyllochaetopteri sp. nov., Difficilina tubulani sp. nov., and Difficilina paranemertis sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60:2681-2690. (PDF) (Cover)

Kolisko, M., Silberman, J.D., Cepicka, I., Yubuki, N., Takishita, K., Yabuki, A.,Leander, B.S., Inouye, I., Inagaki, Y., Roger, A.J. and Simpson, A.G.B. 2010. A wide diversity of previously undetected free-living relatives of diplomonads isolated from marine/saline habitats. Environ. Microbiol. 12:2700-2710. (PDF)

Prokopowicz, A., Rueckert, S., Leander, B.S., Michaud, J. and Fortier, L. 2010. Parasitic infection of the hyperiid amphipod Themisto libellula in the Canadian Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean), with a description of Ganymedes themistos sp. n. (Apicomplexa, Gregarinia). Polar Biology. 33:1339-1350. (PDF)

Chantangsi, C. and Leander, B.S. 2010. Ultrastructure, life cycle and molecular phylogenetic position of a novel marine sand-dwelling cercozoan: Clautriavia biflagellata sp. nov. Protist. 161:133-147. (PDF)

Kim, E., Yubuki, N., Leander, B.S. and Graham, L.E. 2010. Ultrastructure and 18S rDNA phylogeny of Apoikia lindahlii comb. nov.(Chrysophyceae) and its epibiontic protists, Filos agilis gen. et sp. nov. (Bicosoecida) and Nanos amicus gen. et sp. nov. (Bicosoecida). Protist. 161:177-196. (PDF)

Lukes, J., Leander, B.S. and Keeling, P.J. 2009. Cascades of convergent evolution: The corresponding evolutionary histories of euglenozoans and dinoflagellates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 106:9963-9970. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M., Bachvaroff, S., Handy, S., Delwiche, C. and Leander, B.S. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of ocelloid-bearing dinoflagellates (Warnowiidae) as inferred from SSU and LSU rDNA sequences. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 9:116 (15 pages). (PDF)

Yubuki, N., Edgcomb, V., Bernhard, J. and Leander, B.S. 2009. Ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of Calkinsia aureus: Cellular identity of a novel clade of deep sea euglenozoans with epibiotic bacteria. BMC Microbiology. 9:16 (22 pages). (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M. and Leander, B.S. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of Parvilucifera prorocentri (Alveolata, Myzozoa): Insights into perkinsid character evolution J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 56:251-256. (PDF)

Rueckert, S. and Leander, B.S. 2009. Molecular phylogeny and surface morphology of marine archigregarines (Apicomplexa) - Selenidium spp., Filipodium phascolosomae n. sp. and Platyproteum n. gen. et comb. - from North-eastern Pacific peanut worms (Sipuncula). J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 56:428-439. (PDF)

Okamoto, N., Chantangsi, C., Horak, A., Leander, B.S., and Keeling, P.J. 2009. Molecular phylogenetic position and description of the novel katablepharid Roombia truncata gen. et sp. nov., and establishment of the Hacrobia taxon nov. PLoS ONE. 4:e7080 (11 pages). (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M., Koeman, R.P.T. and Leander, B.S. 2009. Morphology and taxonomy of a new marine sand-dwelling Amphidiniopsis species (Dinophyceae, Peridiniales), A. aculeata sp. nov., from Cap Feret, France. Marine Biodiversity. 39:1-7. (PDF)

Rueckert, S. and Leander, B.S. 2009. Phylogenetic position and description of Rhytidocystis cyamus sp. n. (Apicomplexa, Rhytidocystidae): A novel intestinal parasite of the North-eastern Pacific stink worm (Polychaeta, Opheliidae, Travisia pupa). Marine Biodiversity. 39:227-234. (PDF)

Leander, B.S. 2008. A hierarchical view of convergent evolution in microbial eukaryotes. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 55:59-68. (PDF) (Cover)

Leander, B.S. 2008. Different modes of convergent evolution reflect phylogenetic distances. Trends Ecol. Evol. 23:481-482. (PDF)

Esson, H.J. and Leander, B.S. 2008. Visualizing the complex substructure of euglenid pellicle strips with SEM. Phycologia. 47:529-532. (PDF)

Rueckert, S. and Leander, B.S. 2008. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Haplozoon praxillellae n. sp. (Dinoflagellata): A novel intestinal parasite of the maldanid polychaete Praxillella pacifica Berkeley. Europ. J. Protistol. 44:299-307. (PDF)

Chantangsi, C., Esson, H.J. and Leander, B.S. 2008. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a marine interstitial tetraflagellate with putative primary endosymbionts: Auranticordis quadriverberis n. gen. et sp. (Cercozoa). BMC Microbiology. 8:123 (16 pages). (PDF)

Leander, B.S. 2008. Marine gregarines - evolutionary prelude to the apicomplexan radiation? Trends Parasitol. 24:60-67. (PDF)

Sparmann, S., Leander, B.S. and Hoppenrath, M. 2008. Comparative morphology and molecular phylogeny of Apicoporus n. gen.: A new genus of marine benthic dinoflagellates formerly classified within Amphidinium. Protist. 159:383-399. (PDF)

Yubuki, N. and Leander, B.S. 2008. Ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of Stephanopogon minuta: an enigmatic microeukaryote from marine interstitial environments. Europ. J. Protistol. 44:241-253. (PDF) (Cover)

Leander, B.S. and Hoppenrath, M. 2008. Ultrastructure of a novel tube-forming, intracellular parasite of dinoflagellates: Parvilucifera prorocentri sp. nov. (Alveolata, Myzozoa). Europ. J. Protistol. 44:55-70. (PDF)

Esson, H.J. and Leander, B.S. 2008. Novel pellicle surface patterns on Euglena obtusa Schmitz (Euglenophyta), a euglenophyte from a benthic marine environment: Implications for pellicle development and evolution. J. Phycol. 44:132-141. (PDF)

Rueckert, S. and Leander, B.S. 2008. Morphology and phylogenetic position of two novel marine gregarines (Apicomplexa, Eugregarinorida) from the intestines of North-eastern Pacific ascidians. Zoologica Scripta. 37:637-645. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M. and Leander, B.S. 2008. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new marine sand-dwelling Prorocentrum species, P. tsawwassenensis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae, Prorocentrales), from British Columbia, Canada. J. Phycol. 44:451-466. (PDF)

Leander, B.S. 2008. Euglenids. Tree of Life web project. http://tolweb.org/Euglenida/97461. (LINK)

Leander, B.S., Esson, H.J. and Breglia, S.A. 2007. Macroevolution of complex cytoskeletal systems in euglenids. BioEssays. 29:987-1000. (PDF) (Cover)

Hoppenrath, M. and Leander, B.S. 2007. Character evolution in polykrikoid dinoflagellates. J. Phycol. 43:366-377. (PDF)

Breglia, S.A., Slamovits, C.H . and Leander, B.S. 2007. Phylogeny of phagotrophic euglenids (Euglenozoa) as inferred from hsp90 gene sequences. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 52:86-94. (PDF)

Adl, S., Leander, B.S., Simpson, A.G.B., and 17 others. 2007. Diversity, nomenclature, and taxonomy of protists. Syst. Biol. 56:684-689. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M. and Leander, B.S. 2007. Morphology and phylogeny of the pseudocolonial dinoflagellates Polykrikos lebourae and Polykrikos herdmanae n. sp. Protist. 158:209-227. (PDF) (Cover)

Leander, B.S. 2007. Molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of Selenidium serpulae (Apicomplexa, Archigregarinia) from the calcareous tubeworm Serpula vermicularis (Annelida, Polychaeta, Sabellida). Zoologica Scripta. 36:213-227. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M., Horiguchi, T., Miyoshi, Y., Selina, M., Taylor, F.J.R. and Leander, B.S. 2007. Taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology and biogeography of Sabulodinium undulatum (Dinophyceae), including an amended description of the species. Phycol. Res. 55:159-175. (PDF)

Leander, B.S., Lloyd, S.A.J., Marshall, W. and Landers, S.C. 2006. Phylogeny of marine gregarines (Apicomplexa) - Pterospora, Lithocystis and Lankesteria- and the origin(s) of coelomic parasitism. Protist. 157:45-60. (PDF)

Esson, H.J. and Leander, B.S. 2006. A model for the morphogenesis of strip reduction patterns in phototrophic euglenids: Evidence for heterochrony in pellicle evolution. Evolution & Development. 8:378-388. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M. and Leander, B.S. 2006. Dinoflagellate, euglenid or cercomonad? The ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of Protaspis grandis n. sp. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 53:327-342. (PDF)

Leander, B.S. 2006. Ultrastructure of the archigregarine Selenidium vivax (Apicomplexa) - a dynamic parasite of sipunculid worms (Host: Phascolosoma agassizii). Marine Biology Research. 2:178-190. (PDF)

Ramey , P.A., Fiege, D. and Leander, B.S. 2006. A new species of Polygordius sp. nov. (Polychaeta, Polygordiidae): From the inner continental shelf and in bays and barbours of the north-eastern United States. Journal of the Marine Biological Association (UK). 86:1025-1034. (PDF)

Leander, B.S. and Ramey , P.A. 2006. Cellular identity of a novel small subunit rDNA sequence clade of apicomplexans: Description of the marine parasite Rhytidocystis polygordiae n. sp. (Host: Polygordius sp., Polychaeta). J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 53:280-291. (PDF)

Hoppenrath, M. and Leander, B.S. 2006. Ebriid phylogeny and the expansion of the Cercozoa. Protist. 157:279-290. (PDF)

Leander, B.S. and Keeling , P.J. 2006. The Kingdom Protista: The dazzling world of living cells (by J. Pickett-Heaps & J. Pickett-Heaps). J. Phycol. 42:1155-1156. [Educational Review] (PDF)

Landers, S.C. and Leander, B.S. 2005. Comparative surface morphology of marine coelomic gregarines (Apicomplexa, Urosporidae): Pterospora floridiensis and Pterospora schizosoma. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 52:23-30. (PDF) (Cover)

Leander, B.S. 2004. Did trypanosomatid parasites have photosynthetic ancestors? Trends Microbiol. 12:251-258. (PDF)

Leander, C.A., Porter, D. and Leander, B.S. 2004. Comparative morphology and molecular phylogeny of aplanochytrids (Labyrinthulomycota). Europ. J. Protistol. 40:317-328. (PDF) (Cover)

Leander, B.S. and Keeling, P.J. 2004. Symbiotic innovation in the oxymonad Streblomastix strix. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 51:291-300. (PDF) (Cover)

Leander, B.S. and Keeling, P.J. 2004. Early evolutionary history of dinoflagellates and apicomplexans (Alveolata) as inferred from hsp90 and actin phylogenies. J. Phycol. 40:341-350. (PDF)

Leander, B.S. and Keeling, P.J. 2003. Morphostasis in alveolate evolution. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18:395-402. (PDF)

Leander, B.S., Harper, J.T. and Keeling, P.J. 2003. Molecular phylogeny and surface morphology of marine aseptate gregarines (Apicomplexa): Selenidium and Lecudina. J. Parasitol. 89:1191-1205. (PDF)

Keeling, P.J. and Leander, B.S. 2003. Characterisation of a non-canonical genetic code in the oxymonad Streblomastix strix. J. Mol. Biol. 326:1337-1349. (PDF)

Leander, B.S., Kuvardina, O.N., Aleshin, V.V., Mylnikov, A.P. and Keeling, P.J. 2003. Molecular phylogeny and surface morphology of Colpodella edax (Alveolata): Insights into the phagotrophic ancestry of apicomplexans. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 50:334-340. (PDF)

Saldarriaga, J.F., Leander, B.S., Taylor, F.J.R., and Keeling, P.J. 2003. Lessardia elongata gen. et sp. nov. (Dinoflagellata, Peridiniales, Podolampaceae) and the taxonomic position of the genus Roscoffia. J. Phycol. 39:368-378. (PDF)

Leander, B.S., Clopton, R.E. and Keeling, P.J. 2003. Phylogeny of gregarines (Apicomplexa) as inferred from small subunit rDNA and beta-tubulin. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53:345-354. (PDF)

Kuvardina*, O.N., Leander*, B.S., Aleshin, V.V., Mylnikov, A.P., Keeling, P.J. and Simdyanov, T.G. 2002. The phylogeny of colpodellids (Eukaryota, Alveolata) using small subunit rRNA genes suggests they are the free-living ancestors of apicomplexans. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 49:498-504. (*Contributed equally) (PDF)

Leander, B.S., Saldarriaga, J.F. and Keeling, P.J. 2002. Surface morphology of the marine parasite Haplozoon axiothellae (Dinoflagellata). Europ. J. Protistol. 38:287-298. (PDF) (Cover)

Brown, P.J.P., Leander, B.S. and Farmer, M.A. 2002. Redescription of Euglena rustica (Euglenophyceae), a rare marine euglenophyte from the intertidal zone. Phycologia. 41:445-452. (Cover)

Leander, B.S., Witek, R.P. and Farmer, M.A. 2001. Trends in the evolution of the euglenid pellicle. Evolution. 55:2115-2135. (PDF) (Cover)

Leander, B.S., Triemer, R.E., and Farmer, M.A. 2001. Character evolution in heterotrophic euglenids. Europ. J. Protistol. 37:337-356. (PDF) (Cover)

Leander, B.S. and Farmer, M.A. 2001. Evolution of Phacus (Euglenophyceae) as inferred from pellicle morphology and small subunit rDNA. J. Phycol. 37:143-159. (PDF) (Cover)

Leander, B.S. and Farmer, M.A. 2001. Comparative morphology of the euglenid pellicle. II. Diversity of strip substructure. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 48:202-217. (PDF)

Leander, B.S. and Farmer, M.A. 2000. Comparative morphology of the euglenid pellicle. I. Patterns of strips and pores. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 47:469-479. (PDF) (Cover)

Leander, B.S. and Farmer, M.A. 2000. Epibiotic bacteria and a novel pattern of strip reduction on the pellicle of Euglena helicoideus (Bernard) Lemmermann. Europ. J. Protistol. 36:405-413. (Cover)

Leander, B.S. 2008. Euglenida.

Leander, B.S. 2008. Alveolata.

Leander, B.S. and Simpson, A. 2008. Euglenozoa.

Keeling, P.J., Leander, B.S. and Simpson, A. 2009. Eukaryota.

Yubuki, N. and Leander, B.S. 2008. Stephanopogon (Heterolobosea).

Rueckert, S. and Leander, B.S. 2008. Gregarinida (Apicomplexa).

Chantangsi, C. and Leander, B.S. 2008. Ebriida (Cercozoa).

Keeling, P., Leander, B.S., Simpson, A., Maddison, D.R. and Schulz, K.
Tree of Life Web Project Protist Diversity Workshop July 2008.